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Liquid Collective

About

Liquid Collective is an enterprise-grade liquid staking protocol offering liquid staking tokens (LsETH on Ethereum, LsSOL on Solana) that represent staked assets plus accrued network rewards. Designed for both individuals and institutions, it provides a compliant, standardized staking solution built collaboratively by a broad collective of industry leaders (The Liquid Foundation, Alluvial, Coinbase, Figment, Blockdaemon, Staked, Galaxy, and others), featuring mandatory KYC/AML, diversified enterprise-grade node operators, non-custodial architecture, and built-in slashing coverage.

Where Does Yield Come From?

Where the yield comes from

LsETH earns rewards from the Ethereum network itself. When you stake ETH, the Ethereum protocol pays validators (the computers that run the network) for two kinds of work: consensus-layer rewards — payments for proposing and confirming blocks of transactions — and execution-layer fees — the priority fees and MEV (extra value that validators can capture by ordering transactions strategically).

How rewards turn into growth for you

When you deposit ETH, the protocol gives you LsETH at a current exchange rate (the Protocol Conversion Rate). Rewards are not paid out as more LsETH tokens. Instead, the exchange rate rises over time — so each LsETH becomes worth more ETH. Think of it like a savings account where the value per share grows, rather than getting extra shares.

Oracles (special operators that report data on-chain) check the total staked balance at least once every 24 hours. They update the conversion rate using a simple formula:

total staked ETH ÷ total LsETH supply

Rewards are automatically collected into the River smart contract (the protocol's core logic) and immediately added back into the deposit queue for restaking. You never need to manually claim or re-stake.

Fees and how they are shared

The protocol charges a service fee of 10.0% of all network rewards. This fee is taken in LsETH and split among:

  • Node Operators — the entities running validators
  • Platforms, Wallet & Custody Providers — services that help users interact with the protocol
  • Service Providers
  • Slashing Coverage Treasury — a reserve that covers losses if validators are penalized (gets a fixed 0.30% of network rewards)
  • Liquid Collective Treasury Reserve

Extra yield from MEV

Node Operators are required to run MEV Boost middleware (a tool that helps capture extra transaction-ordering value) whenever it is commercially reasonable and secure. The tips and MEV collected this way are sent back to the protocol for automatic restaking.

What you actually earn

Your yield comes entirely from the rising Protocol Conversion Rate over time. This is net (after deducting) the 10.0% service fee and any slashing penalties. If validitors are slashed (penalized for misbehavior), the loss is spread evenly across all LsETH holders, starting from rewards that have been earned but not yet redeemed.

Persons

  • Mara Schmiedt

    Co-founder & Chief Executive Officer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

    LinkedIn
  • Matt Leisinger

    Co-founder & Chief Product Officer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

    LinkedIn
  • Evan Weiss

    Chief Operating Officer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

    LinkedIn
  • Mischa Tuffield

    Chief Technology Officer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

    LinkedIn
  • Austin Echtenkamp

    Head of Strategy and Operations at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Evan Thomas

    General Counsel at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Julia Schmidt

    Blockchain Engineer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Chad Peterson

    Business and Operations Associate at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Dimiter Georgiev

    Senior Product Manager at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Jaroslaw Diuwe

    Senior Backend Engineer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Javier Pérez

    Senior Backend Engineer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Josh Siverson

    Head of Customer Success and Solutions at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Mehdi Bechiri

    Director of SRE at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Oluchi Enebeli

    Senior Blockchain Engineer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Prafful Sahu

    Senior Smart Contract Engineer at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Sachin Lal

    Product Manager at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

  • Yanni Turner

    Head of People at Alluvial (the development company behind Liquid Collective)

Audits

Audit / DateFindingsVerdict
Certora03-12-2023 - 08-02-2024
  • Critical1
  • High2
  • Medium4
  • Low5
  • Info3
The Certora audit found 1 critical and 2 high-severity issues, with the critical and one high issue fixed and the remaining high finding acknowledged for a future protocol version, indicating that the most impactful vulnerabilities were addressed before deployment while some design-level risks remain on the road map.
Quantstamp01-04-2024 - 01-05-2024
  • Critical0
  • High0
  • Medium1
  • Low3
  • Info6
No high or critical issues were found; the one medium-severity underflow DoS was fixed and all other remediable findings were addressed. Several undetermined findings relate to smart-contract-level design assumptions outside the daemon audit scope, which the team acknowledged as known trade-offs.
Spearbit07-08-2023
  • Critical0
  • High0
  • Medium0
  • Low0
  • Info0
The PR #222 review found no security issues — the change is a straightforward, minor modification with no adverse impact on the broader Liquid Collective codebase.
Spearbit28-07-2023
  • Critical0
  • High0
  • Medium0
  • Low0
  • Info4
The audit found no critical, high, medium, or low severity vulnerabilities across the reviewed code changes; only 4 informational items were identified (3 fixed, 1 acknowledged), indicating the protocol changes presented minimal security risk at the time of review.
Spearbit19-05-2023
  • Critical2
  • High1
  • Medium3
  • Low14
  • Info24
The Spearbit review identified two critical and one high-severity vulnerability in Liquid Collective, all of which were remediated before deployment, alongside a comprehensive set of medium-to-informational findings that were largely addressed. The protocol's safety posture is substantially improved, though several acknowledged low-risk design trade-offs — such as oracle member influence over exit strategies, public depositToConsensusLayer access, and the inability to separate slashed from exited validator counts — remain as accepted residual risks.
Spearbit24-01-2023
  • Critical1
  • High0
  • Medium2
  • Low2
  • Info25
The audit identified one critical vesting Denial-of-Service vulnerability and several medium-severity design concerns, all of which were either fixed or acknowledged by Alluvial before deployment; the remaining findings are predominantly informational, indicating that the protocol's core security posture is sound for launch with the remediations applied.
Spearbit03-10-2023
  • Critical0
  • High0
  • Medium0
  • Low5
  • Info5
The review found no critical or high-severity security vulnerabilities; all low-risk issues were either fixed by the client or acknowledged as intended behavior, indicating a well-scoped codebase with manageable residual risk around vesting schedule edge cases.
Spearbit19-12-2022
  • Critical3
  • High4
  • Medium15
  • Low5
  • Info39
The three critical vulnerabilities — deposit freezing via 1 wei attack, fundable-key misclassification, and staking DOS — were particularly severe, but all were remediated before launch. The protocol's design is structurally sound, though the volume of medium-risk (15) and informational (39) findings indicates the codebase underwent substantial hardening during this review.
Halborn01-07-2022 - 02-08-2022
  • Critical0
  • High1
  • Medium5
  • Low4
  • Info5
All critical and high-risk issues were resolved, and the only unmitigated medium-severity finding (accidentally sent ETH) was formally risk-accepted with documented justification, meaning no unresolved vulnerabilities pose an immediate threat to protocol safety.

Backers

Liquid Collective is an open staking protocol stewarded by The Liquid Foundation (TLF), an ownerless foundation. It was not structured as a traditional venture-backed startup; rather, it was built collaboratively by a collective of industry leaders. The protocol's development company, Alluvial Finance, was acquired by Galaxy Digital (NASDAQ: GLXY) in December 2025 — Galaxy assumed the role of Development Company for Liquid Collective. This acquisition was publicly announced on Dec 4, 2025, with Galaxy committing to protocol development, platform distribution, and market liquidity support while maintaining Liquid Collective's independence as a neutral open standard. The protocol's ecosystem includes over 25 industry participants (Platforms, Node Operators, Custodians) such as Coinbase, Figment, Blockdaemon, Staked, Galaxy, Anchorage Digital, BitGo, Fireblocks, Kraken, FalconX, ParaFi Technologies, Bitcoin Suisse, Twinstake, Alloy, Hashnote, Copper, and others — but these are operational ecosystem partners/node operators rather than equity investors. No traditional venture funding rounds (Seed, Series A, etc.) for Liquid Collective itself were disclosed on the official site.

Legal

Legal form

Ownerless foundation

Registration jurisdiction

Cayman Islands (registered office: Leeward Management Limited, Suite 3119, 9 Forum Lane, Camana Bay, P.O. Box 144, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9006)

Status and notes

The protocol is stewarded by The Liquid Foundation (TLF), an ownerless foundation with a board of independent directors. Legal entity disclosed in the Terms of Service and Privacy Notice as "Liquid Foundation" (also referred to as "Liquid Collective"), with registered address c/o Leeward Management Limited, Suite 3119, 9 Forum Lane, Camana Bay, P.O. Box 144, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9006, Cayman Islands. The Terms of Service are governed by New York law. The protocol's development company, Alluvial Finance, was acquired by Galaxy Digital in December 2025. Imprint/Terms/Privacy pages are all published and accessible at liquidcollective.io. The liquidfoundation.org site confirms it is an "ownerless foundation."